Nobel Prizes-2022

PHYSICS:

Context:The Nobel Prize in physics for 2022 is being awarded to Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser and Anton Zeilinger for their work on quantum mechanics, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced.

Awarded for: Experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities, and pioneering quantum information science.

Conducted groundbreaking experiments: using entangled quantum states, where two particles behave like a single unit even when they are separated.

CHEMISTRY:

Context: The 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to chemists Carolyn R. Bertozzi and K. Barry Sharpless from the U.S., and Morten Meldal from Denmark, for their work in the field of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry.

What is click chemistry?: A functional field where molecules snap together quickly and efficiently – literally like a click.It is a branch of science that explores the assembly of molecules.

Need for click chemistry: Replicating reactions that involve bonds between carbon atoms is expensive and often leads to side reactions and loss of material.

PHYSIOLOGY/ MEDICINE:

Context: 2022 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Swedish geneticist Svante Pääbo for his research in the field of genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution.

His research has resulted in the rise of a new scientific disciple called Paleogenomics, which is the study and analysis of genes of ancient or extinct organisms.

LITERATURE:

Context: French author Annie Ernaux won this year’s Nobel Prize in literature Thursday for blending fiction and autobiography in books that fearlessly mine her experiences as a working-class woman to explore life in France since the 1940s.

Ernaux has probed deeply personal experiences and feelings – love, sex, abortion, shame – within a society split by gender and class divisions.

PEACE:

Context: The 2022 Nobel Peace Prize has been jointly awarded to Belarusian human rights advocate Ales Bialiatski, the Russian human rights organisation Memorial, and the Ukrainian human rights organisation Centre for Civil Liberties.

ECONOMY:

The 2022 Nobel Prize in economic sciences has been awarded to the former chair of the U.S. Federal Reserve, Ben S. Bernanke, and two US-based economists, Douglas W Diamond and Philip H Dybvig, “for research on banks and financial crises.

Their work had shown in their research “why avoiding bank collapses is vital.